Farmers' knowledge and perception of grain legume pests and their management in the Eastern province of Kenya

Grain legumes play an important role in community livelihood and in the national economy in Kenya. Unfortunately, in many African countries, production doesn't satisfy the demand in grains due to various constrains. Understanding farmers practices and behavior in the management of grain legume pests is a crucial step in the development of sustainable management strategies. A total of 216 farmers were surveyed in eight districts of eastern Kenya to evaluate farmers' knowledge and perceptions of grain legume pests; to examine current pest management practices, and to identify other production constraints. Grain legumes are grown by a wide age-group of farmers, with both genders equally represented. Chemical control remains the main pest management strategy, and, to ensure pesticide effectiveness, farmers also use increased application rates, chemical alternation, frequent application and mixtures of chemicals. While farmers used other control measures, they showed only limited interest in biological control. The majority of the farmers had experience in grain legume farming and were able to identify the major pests, which were the legume flower thrips Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom, the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora Koch and the legume pod borer Maruca vitrata Fabricius. Our survey revealed that education and proximity to extension services contributed significantly to farmers' knowledge of grain legume pests, suggesting the need to provide continuous training and capacity building on integrated pest management in grain legume farming. The study also suggests integration of other pest management strategies such as the use of early maturing varieties, biopesticides and biofertilizer to reduce the use of chemical for sustainable pest management.     

防雷型熔断器新产品开发可行性的讨论

本文主要对低压配电系统SPD的过电流保护装置进行了讨论,并阐述了新型防雷型熔断器的设计思路和自有独创性。     

Associations of fish with various types of littoral habitats in reservoirs

Fish associations with different types of littoral habitats were studied in four canyon‐shaped reservoirs in the Czech Republic in years 2010 and 2011 by gillnets. Two to three habitats per reservoir–beaches (former meadows), stump fields (former forest) and rubble slopes–were defined and sampled along the longitudinal axis of reservoirs. Effects of reservoir, habitat and locality (position along longitudinal axis) on fish biomass, abundance and species structure were tested for juvenile and adult fish separately. Hierarchical analysis of variance revealed that habitats differed significantly in fish biomass and abundance. Redundancy analysis showed that analysed environmental variables had significant influence on fish community structure. Most variability in community structure was explained by reservoir and then by combination of habitat and slope steepness. Locality position had the smallest influence on community structure. For both adult and juvenile fish total abundance and biomass, the most inhabited habitat was beaches; rubble slopes were the least inhabited. Habitat associations differed among species. Among adults, bream Abramis brama, white bream Blicca bjoerkna and roach Rutilus rutilus were associated with beaches and stump fields, whereas perch Perca fluviatilis, ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus, asp Aspius aspius and pike Esox lucius were associated with rubble slopes. Bream, white bream, bleak Alburnus alburnus, roach, ruffe and pikeperch Sander lucioperca were associated with beaches among juveniles, whereas the only juvenile associated with rubble slopes was perch. We showed that most common species are associated with distinct habitats and also that utilisation of various littoral habitats differs in general.     

塞罕坝湿地资源现状与保护对策

文章阐述了塞罕坝湿地资源现状调查方法,并以调查资料为依据,以湿地类型、野生动植物资源状况为主要内容,分析了塞罕坝湿地资源现状和基本特征,并结合湿地所处社会环境等,提出了塞罕坝湿地的保护对策,为塞罕坝湿地保护与恢复提供基础支撑。     

植保无人机在江苏农垦稻麦病虫草害防治中的应用及展望

植保无人机作为一种新型施药工具,以作业高效安全、节水省药环保等特点于近几年迅速发展,并已广泛应用于农作物病虫草害防治。本综述重点对我国植保无人机的施药发展现状、近年来江苏农垦植保无人机的应用情况和植保无人机应用过程中存在的问题进行阐述,并对植保无人机应用的未来发展趋势进行展望。     

日本环境保全型耕地农业系统对中国耕地保护的启示

为解决中国农业长期粗放经营问题,研究中国耕地与生态文明协同保护体系,采用文献研究法和归纳演绎法,分析东亚地区代表国家环境保全型农业下的耕地农业协同体系。研究表明,日本的耕地农业环境保护支付制度、生态补偿市场认证体系、耕地农业法律制度保障,是建立在生态补偿原则上,经过实践检验行之有效的,能够提升市场参与度及农民自主性投入的耕地生态协同保护措施。中国在推广耕地合理利用实践方面做出了不懈努力,但是在建立耕地生态协同保护的休耕制度、因地制宜建立生态补偿体系、加快推进耕地生态协同保护专项基金的设立等方面还需进一步坚持和完善。     

基于景观视角的防城港万尾金滩滨海护岸探析

防城港东兴市万尾金滩约10km的滨海护岸公路是生态防护、景观步道、旅游集散、防灾避险和渔船停泊等多种功能协调统于一体的滨海防护工程。通过实地调查测绘,基于园林景观的角度从海岸生态防护、水文特征、景观特性三个方面探讨了万尾金滩滨海护岸公路的合理性与不足。指出了滨海护岸工程如何在抵御风浪侵蚀的基础上体现场地的观赏性、便利性、生态性和安全性,以实现滨海护岸工程景观、功能和生态的有机结合。     

极小种群野生植物八蕊单室茱萸的种群状况研究

八蕊单室茱萸为云南省特有的极小种群野生植物和濒危物种。通过查阅相关文献并结合访问调查,确定八蕊单室茱萸可能分布的区域,开展种群资源调查。结果显示:八蕊单室茱萸目前仅在普洱市和西双版纳州有10个天然种群,其种群规模已低于最小可存活种群,属极小种群野生植物和濒危物种,亟需开展保护工作。生境破坏和生境片段化是导致八蕊单室茱单室茱萸濒危的人为因素。提出收集种质资源、营建和管护近地保护种群、建立迁地和回归种群等保育建议。     

沾益区创建国家森林城市的思路与举措

分析沾益区在创建国家森林城市工作过程中的思路与举措,认为动员全民参与是“创森”工作的坚强后盾;确保工作经费,多方筹措资金是“创森”工作的动力来源;突出建设重点,完成创建指标实现是“创森”工作的最终目的;抓好森林资源保护,巩固工作成效是“创森”工作的安全保障;建好档案台账,完善痕迹管理使“创森”工作有据可查。     

九峰科技植物资源现状与保护对策

经过查阅历史档案、询问当事人及外业核查、调查,结果表明:九峰地区现有39块试验现场,面积124.7hm^2;实施各类科技项目53项,项目规模面积140.25hm^2,涉及裸子、被子等植物73科,150属,194种(类),已形成科技植物群体;在九峰森林植物本底调查、林木种质资源收集与保存、林木品种遗传改良及繁殖技术等13个学科方向及近120个植物品种开发研究方面取得了重大突破和创新;鉴于九峰科技植物资源现状,本文提出了相应的保护对策与措施。